Analyzing and Interpreting Film Essays

Breaking down and Interpreting Film Essays Breaking down and Interpreting Film Paper Breaking down and Interpreting Film Paper Petri, Art of Watching Films (Gifford Custom seventh Deed. ) . Kenney-D. (2008). The

Galileo Essay Essay Example

Galileo Essay Galileo Galilei. a widely acclaimed physicist. was conceived in Pisa. Italy on February 15. 1564. He was the most established of seven children. His male parent was a performer and fleece bargainer. who needed his kid to dissect clinical strength as there was more cash in clinical claim to fame. At age eleven. Galileo was sent off to examine in a Jesuit cloister. After four mature ages. Galileo had declared to his male parent that he needed to be a devout. This was non decisively what male parent had in head. so Galileo was quickly pulled back from the religious community. In 1581. at 17 years old. he entered the University of Pisa to break down clinical forte. as his male parent wished however neer finished it in light of his intense inclusion in science and convention. We will compose a custom exposition test on Galileo Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Galileo Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Galileo Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At age 20. Galileo saw a light singing overhead while he was in a house of God. Inquisitive to occur out to what extent it took the light to swing to and fro. he utilized his throb to cut enormous and little swings. Galileo found something that no 1 else had ever figured it out. which was the time of each swing was decisively the equivalent. The statute of the pendulum. which would at last be utilized to tweak redstem storksbills. made Galileo Galilei quickly celebrated. In 1592. he was delegated to the spot of a mathematician at the University of Padua and it was during his clasp. he started his work on the telescope. While in Padua. he met Marina Gamba and in 1600 their young lady Virginia was conceived. In 1601 they had another young lady Livia and in 1606 a kid Vincenzo. Galileo’s investigate was had practical experience in the signal of slanted planes. signal of the pendulum and the motion of uninhibitedly falling natural structures. He is known for his disclosure finds what's more his questionable convictions which took into consideration a progressively present day and viable logical control. Galileo was the primary individual to coordinate a refractile telescope out into the dull sky and he chose to examine the Moon. Probably the biggest find was that there were four Moons rotating Jupiter. Another of Galileo’s perceptions through his telescope was that the planet Venus experienced stage adjustments like our Moon. Galileo had seen that the noticeable size of Venus as observed through his telescope is identified with the spot of the planet connection to the Sun. This perception had pushed Galileo to accept that the Earth and different planets needed to go around the Sun or it would non be executable for Venus to hold a phase change. This is known as the Copernican System. For Galileo Galilei. expressing that the Earth circumvented the Sun made a huge difference since he was beliing the directions of the Church. While a portion of the Church’s mathematicians composed that his perceptions were obviously right. numerous individuals from the Church accepted that he should be off base and blamed him for executing â€Å"heresy† . which was an extremely genuine undertaking. In any case. Galileo was discovered unpracticed individual everything being equal however was forewarned non to gain proficiency with the Copernican System. In 1634. while Galileo was under house dread. his young lady. Virginia passed on. At this clasp he started deal with his finishing up book. Talks and Mathematical Demonstrations refering Two New Sciences. This book was snuck out of Italy and distributed in Holland. Galileo kicked the bucket right off the bat in 1642. Because of his solid conviction. he was covered indefinitely in 1737.

Write about the poem Famine Shadows Essay Example for Free

Expound on the sonnet Famine Shadows Essay You ought to portray what the artist expounds on and how he utilizes language to pass on the speaker’s contemplations and sentiments. The sonnet, â€Å"Famine Shadows,† by Robert Dunlop is a profoundly emotive sonnet that manages the Irish starvation of the 1800s. The writer utilizes symbolism to catch the speaker’s contemplations and sentiments all through, particularly the sharpness they feel towards those happier than they are. Indeed, even the title implies the discouraging idea of the sonnet, as the word, â€Å"shadows,† recommends obscurity and waiting underhandedness. Dunlop utilizes numerous savage action words in the principal refrain, for example, â€Å"thundered down,† and, â€Å"battered,† to portray the happening to the starvation which passes on that it came abruptly, similar to a trap assault. It is additionally portrayed as, â€Å"Like a tempest whipped up†¦ with unreasonable intensity.† This metaphor utilizes lamentable false notion, as the speaker thinks about the starvation to an unexpected and brutal tempest. Moreover, the solid descriptive word, â€Å"perverse,† represents a profound feeling of confusion and shamefulness. We are informed that the speaker felt like, â€Å"skin and bone past redemption.† This induces how miserable the circumstance was, as it depicts individuals truly squandering endlessly. Dunlop continues to straightforwardly differentiate the, â€Å"Lords of grounds, castled masters,† to the, â€Å"fevered lodges of the poor.† This juxtaposition is the core of the sonnet: the speaker mourns the bad form of how the rich left the poor to endure. This ‘us and them’ mentality is proceeded in the subsequent verse, where the speaker alludes to, â€Å"the preferences of us.† Proceeding onward to the subsequent verse, another striking analogy is utilized to paint the articulate sorrow of the Irish individuals: â€Å"Workhouse entryways/Gaunt as our wilted limbs.† The descriptive word, â€Å"withered,† looks at the individuals to passing on plants as opposed to people. They have become so slight that they are losing any feeling of mankind they once had. There is even a reference to, â€Å"brimstone,† which is emblematic of the living hellfire the speaker is experiencing. This torrent of emotive depictions ought to inspire sentiments of pity and outrage in the perusers. Towards the climax of the sonnet there is a tonal move, where we are persuaded there might be some expectation. The speaker recounts, â€Å"kindly scooped, worked up soup,† the principal positive component to be presented in the sonnet. In any case, even this is only a faã §ade of expectation. The speaker calls them, â€Å" â€Å"Friends† of God,† his utilization of upset commas demonstrating that he is exhausted to such an extent that he is in a flash dubious of anybody that attempts to support him. The sonnet closes with a dismal line: â€Å"Which hauls us back towards/The ground from which we came.† Dunlop uncovers that passing was constantly inescapable for the speaker. Besides, the poem’s structure is an emotional monolog where the artist composes utilizing the voice of an unknown speaker. As far as structure the sonnet comprises of two verses and has no rhyme conspire, mirroring the turmoil of starvation struck Ireland. There are visit employments of enjambment, which makes a pressure between the linguistic structure and the cadence. This mirrors the general pressure of the sonnet. Each line is very short, maybe an impression of the hindered future of the speaker. To finish up, Famine Shadows is a dull and inauspicious sonnet that manages one of the most terrible occasions in Ireland’s history. Dunlop skilfully utilizes language to let the peruser increase a knowledge into the considerations and sentiments of the speaker.

Does Technology Hold the Key to Improved Life Expectancy?

Does Technology Hold the Key to Improved Life Expectancy? Andrew McMahon Stoneâ Presentation. Future is the normal time frame an individual may hope to live1. Universally, females live longest, as do MEDC inhabitants. Universally, future has expanded by 40% over the most recent 50 years (1960s: 50 years †present: 70 years). In any case, this is only a normal so there will be boundaries, for instance, the most established recorded individual alive currently is very nearly 116 years6 and there are babies that pass on inside long periods of birth. Innovation implies creating, applying or considering apparatuses and strategies, in this manner, in setting: the hardware utilized in emergency clinics; access to information for instructive wellbeing; and the turn of events and utilization of medications. In my family, future has remained consistent as my distant grandparents lived into their eighties, two of my grandparents are as yet alive (matured 80), albeit one kicked the bucket at 48 years*. Anyway I imagine that my sibling, my cousins and I will make due for more, given that my precursors kicked the bucket from uncommon, non-hereditary causes like malignancy and cerebrum drain. *My incredible granddad was in the Great War and was shell stunned and spent an amazing remainder in a psychological medical clinic. Causes I accept that the fundamental driver of improved future is the pace of the country’s mechanical development however there are different elements, some common, some human (Table 1) Table 1: factors influencing future There exists a relationship between's populace size and zone and future, particularly on the off chance that we take a gander at ‘extremes’, for instance Monaco is the littlest nation on the planet, by territory and nearly populace, and it has the most elevated future pace of 85 years for guys and 93 years for females2. So also, China has the greatest populace and has perhaps the greatest zone on the planet yet it is in the best 100 for future and is ascending with its population2. This may recommend that it is simpler to give access to littler and bigger groupings of individuals, however then in the UK, we realize that numerous country inhabitants frequently need to go more than 40 miles to arrive at a medical clinic. This could demonstrate lethal as far as a crisis if individuals can’t be reached in time, in this manner this is the place broadcast communications innovation and web open wellbeing training (what to do if an individual has a cardiovascular failure or stroke) are indispensable. I am lucky to live in a urban territory and I include two emergency clinics inside 15minutes drive of my home. Way of life decisions influence the future of an individual since somebody may decide to eat strongly and practice routinely thus, in principle, have a higher future than somebody who decides not to. This is a social factor, constrained by close to home choices, however it is for the most part a MEDC issue. In LEDCs individuals frequently have pretty much nothing/no decision about their way of life as they might be constrained by food/water supplies. Access to instructive data through web innovation may assist individuals with settling on educated decisions and improve futures however whenever ignored, at that point access to innovation is of no advantage. Innate conditions like cystic fibrosis (the UK’s most basic hazardous acquired disease7) can influence the future of an individual as the normal future for an individual with CF is 37 years. There are70,000 victims worldwide)8 . Innate conditions influence individuals in both MEDCs and LEDCs despite the fact that advancements in MEDCs are helping treat individuals with CF, so their future is gradually improving. The expense of such advancements is frequently restrictive in LEDCs. Individual pay is additionally a key deciding financial factor. Those with progressively extra cash will have greater chance to get to wellbeing innovation and all the more effectively bear the cost of more beneficial food decisions, which should bring about improved future. Be that as it may, it can bring about poor way of life decisions like over-eating or hitting the bottle hard so can have the contrary impact. This is tragically normal in MEDCs, especially the UK and USA, exacerbated by ‘supersize me’ in food outlets and BOGOF offers in markets. War and struggle can be a major contributing variable to bringing down future, with innovation contributing in a negative way. Weapons have been built up that can execute more individuals all the more without any problem. Military are for the most part made out of men, which help clarify why in certain nations, they have a lower future than females. In Cambodia the future rate went down for men from 43 years in 1966 to 31 years in 1977 and for ladies from 46 years in 1966 to 34 years in 197714. This was a result of a mass destruction by the Khmer Rouge regime15 that murdered somewhere in the range of one and 2,000,000 individuals. In Telford, where I carry on with, the future for guys is 77.4 years which is 1.5 years not exactly the England normal of 78.9 years. What's more, the Telford future for females is 82 years which is 0.9 years not exactly the England normal of 82.9 years. 9 Innovation its effects on future The genuine impacts of innovation on future relies upon how you characterize innovation; On the off chance that you characterize innovation as the entrance to data through the web I would have believed that the world’s future would have responded decidedly to the exponential development of web clients over the most recent 20 years in figure 2. Figure 1 shows that the world’s future has expanded in angle however truth be told, somewhat more extreme to the pace of development before the mid 90s. Figure 110: changes in future worldwide Figure 2: web clients †all inclusive (in red)11 This infers either that there are still nations that dont have a great deal of web clients or that the measure of web clients doesn't legitimately influence the world’s future. I accept there is a connection. To demonstrate this, 96% of Iceland’s population13 are web clients and the normal future is 81.28 years13, which puts it sixth on the planet. Then again, 0.8% of Eritrea’s populace are web clients, the most reduced on the planet, and its normal future is 61.42 years which is almost 10 years underneath the universes normal. Broadly, in the UK, 87% of us are web clients and our normal future is 80.05 years3, in spite of the fact that I welcome that the connection between the two isn’t ‘exclusive’. At an individual level I have looked into side effects to figure out what sickness I have and furthermore examined how to improve my wellness which I accept will influence my future. Cell phone innovation empowers individuals to get to data about sound ways of life. I have an advanced mobile phone which can assist me with getting to data on any issue I may have with my wellbeing so I can attempt to battle it. Broadly (UK), there is 97% inclusion of the nation, which empowers nearly everybody with a web empowered telephone or broadband association with get to. OAPs are urged to pick up web aptitudes by means of free classes accessible at nearby libraries. Another factor adding to improved future could be the measure of venture into innovative work. Israel put the greatest level of their GDP into innovative work, 4.2%, and their normal future is 80.96 years which makes them seventeenth on the planet. Anyway Ethiopia just put 0.1 billion dollars into innovative work which is just 0.17% of their GDP and I accept this is a motivation behind why their normal future is 55.41 years, 14 years underneath the world’s normal. In my nation, the UK, 1.7% of the GDP is spent on innovative work which is identical to 38.4 billion dollars5. With that cash, college graduates have concocted and structured innovation to improve future like the versatile defibrillator and the revelation of the hepatitis B immunization 16. Non-benefit associations have likewise accomplished comparable eg a syringe that breaks after the principal use to stop the spread of ailments like HIV. At an individual level my future has been upgraded by antibodies and prescrip tions eg Hepatitis B vaccination as a youngster and the yearly flu immunization. Persistently advancing innovation is bringing new advancements into reality like 3D printers that can bio-print explicit organs to supplant bombing ones albeit just a bladder has been printed up until this point. By and by the entirety of my family have had checks at some point in their lives to analyze explicit diseases or wounds that, on the off chance that they and not been analyzed, might have caused a lower future, eg gut malignant growth screening and bosom malignancy screening. Innovation can't work without prepared experts! Innovation can possibly hold the way to improved future on the off chance that it is appropriately overseen. Prepared experts are expected to work scanners in medical clinics and governments in LEDCs probably won't have the option to manage the cost of them or to give the preparation to get them thus innovation would be unessential and incapable. Innovation is additionally incapable in places where framework is either poor or non-existent for example power and web get to. Situations Perhaps the greatest factor that influence future in LEDCs is maternal and newborn child wellbeing. Maternal and newborn child death rates are higher in LEDCs, further adding to bring down normal futures. In the event that we can guarantee more secure births, we can improve future and the need to have such a large number of kids. This is the place innovation could become possibly the most important factor to help birthing specialists in testing circumstances. Indeed, even without access to power and web, refreshed composed writing and wellbeing/cleanliness direction could be given to support the circumstance. You could contend that this isn’t innovation, however you need innovation to configuration, print and disseminate the books. Also, with the moderately new innovation of the 3D printer, associations could make models for maternity care that show them in a down to earth way. On the off chance that everybody on the planet approached innovation I do believe that all around future would increment sig

A Herr-story “Lady Lazarus” and Her Rise from the Ash - Literature Essay Samples

The primary concern of Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Lady Lazarus† is how the female speaker views her relationship with men; the emotions associated with her views of sex are equated to death, and the desire for her to die. This metaphor of death, used throughout the poem, parallels how she sees sex as an act worse than death, and that the institution of marriage is not only a prison, but for her, can be likened to a Nazi concentration camp. By analyzing each metaphorical section (the concentration camp, the mummy Lazarus, the circus, and the phoenix), and by examining literary techniques such as line enjambment and repetition, one can conclude that the speaker equated conventional marriage and relationships to a prison (or concentration camp), and when trapped by this, she would prefer to view herself as dead, rather than acknowledging any sexual acts in that marriage.Beginning in the second stanza, and continuing into the third â€Å"Bright as a Nazi lampshade, / My ri ght foot / A paperweight, / My face a featureless, fine / Jew linen† (lines 5-9) one can immediately see how she’s comparing something (that one later learns is a relationship) to the Holocaust, specifically the way the Nazis viewed the Jews as household products worth nothing more than the material possessions produced from their torture, and ultimately, death. The fact that the speaker focuses on items commonly found around the house is symbolic in the aspect that she feels trapped in household life, as a possession, where she feels tortured as well. This also sets the tone of the poem as a personal holocaust, because of the persecution she fears and experiences.The second metaphor to examine is that of Lazarus, the namesake of the poem. Like Lazarus, the speaker feels she has the power to rise from the dead. Soon, soon the flesh / The grave cave ate will be / At home on me. / And I a smiling woman. (16-20)This passage is in reference to Lazarus’s rise from th e dead emerging from the cave. The speaker uses this to show her inner strength: that when forced into a cave, paralleled to a relationship, she will emerge better than before, that this rebirth will bring an end to the tortuous time, and that she will smile outwardly throughout the ordeal.In the next stanza, lines 23-24 â€Å"What a trash / To annihilate each decade† show the reader that she is equating something to death, that around every ten years something forceful occurs that compels her to view the last decade as a waste. This is the emergence of her views of sex in the poem. Here she references a forced sexual act, or some form of abuse that has happened twice in the speaker’s life, which she fears is going to happen again. Stanzas 12 and 13 give us a limited background of the speaker; she notes in lines 35 and 36: â€Å"The first time it happened I was ten. / It was an accident.† By now, one has established that she equates death to sex, as she couldn ’t possibly have actually died a physical death at age ten; her claim that it was an accident shows her innocence of youth, that even twenty years later, she can maintain that a sexual act could have been an accident. In the next stanza, she states: â€Å"The second time I meant / To last it out and not come back at all† (37-38). That passage simply lets the reader know that by the second time, chronologically at twenty years old, the speaker wanted nothing more to do with the act of sex, or for her, the pain and suffering that â€Å"death† or sex brought. But she then goes on to say that â€Å"Dying / is an art / I do it exceptionally well† (43-45). The speaker feels that she dies each time she has sex, and eventually, she has come to accept this as her gift, a sordid way to kill herself (or a part of herself) every time she engages in the act. â€Å"The peanut crunching crowd† (26) exemplifies how the speaker views her life almost as a circus; sh e feels constantly watched by spectators, that she is being judged for each and every action. â€Å"The big strip tease† (29) is a reference back to the mummy of the Lazarus metaphor, but adds more to the tone of anger, the sarcasm apparent in this entire poem. The speaker has almost mummified herself, a form of perseverance; even if she is a spectacle in the circus, judged and monitored when they strip away all the layers, she realizes â€Å"I am the same identical woman† (34).The final metaphorical section to examine is found within the last stanza:Out of the ash / I rise with my red hair / And I eat men like air. (82-84)In this passage, the speaker compares herself to a phoenix; like the phoenix (and Lazarus), the speaker is born anew after each â€Å"death.† Similarly, she feels she rises out of her own remains, stronger than before. These final lines seem almost a warning to not only â€Å"Herr God, Herr Lucifer† (79), but to all men, a warning that they should watch out because, like a fire, she plans to consume and destroy all men in her rage and rebirth. The form of this poem is rather constant: it’s a collection of three-lined stanzas with no discernible rhyme pattern or syllabic scheme. It is very repetitive in form, and, in fact, as the poem progresses, the same words are repeated. This is not so much for emphasis, but for one to see how trapped the speaker feels inside of her life, her relationships, and even the very poem describing her entrapment. There are a few cases of enjambment, but the most important and relevant occurs in line 53: the repetition â€Å"the same place, the same face, the same brute† automatically makes the reader assume that â€Å"brute† is a noun, presumably referencing her partner. Upon continuation in line 54, however, the phrase â€Å"Amused shout† makes â€Å"brute† into an adjective describing the doctor’s shouts. There is also repetition of the phra se â€Å"I do it† (â€Å"it† referring to sex) in lines 45-47, as a mantra for her to regain some sense of control, to reclaim a part of herself that she feels is lost; by repeating this phrase, by convincing herself that she is in control, she can maintain some power in the matter. In lines 65 and 66, there is not only repetition â€Å"So, so Herr Doktor. / So, Herr enemy† but a uniting of all of the metaphors. â€Å"Herr† is German (the language spoken by the Nazis) for â€Å"mister† or â€Å"sir,† the title given to all men. To paraphrase the following stanzas, the speaker states that she recognizes that she feels like a valuable piece of property that one man claims to own, and then she becomes incensed. At this, she proceeds to announce her likeness to the phoenix and issues a warning to all men, both in this world and in the â€Å"afterlife.†Essentially, the poem â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath uses multifaceted met aphors to show how the speaker feels scrutinized and owned by her relationships, trapped in a marriage. Plath accentuates this feeling by repetition, enjambment, and the underlying equation of sex to death. The speaker has continued to â€Å"die† and has reached her breaking point. She plans to rise again, and all men should take heed to beware her wrath.Work CitedPlath, Sylvia. â€Å"Lady Lazarus.† The Norton Introduction to Poetry. Ed. Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. 8th edition. New York: W. W. Norton Company Ltd., 2002. 519-521.

Characterization in From Sleep Unbound - Literature Essay Samples

Oppression is a common theme in literature; this is not surprising in light of humanity’s history of vying for power. In literature as in society, are many factors behind oppression differences in skin color, sex, religion, and family history among them. The one motivation which ties these together is a desire to be in control and an aversion to those who are different. The first step in overcoming oppression is the realization that the system needs to change. This sounds simple, but changing the mentality of an entire society is truly a difficult task which requires the effort of many. In the novel From Sleep Unbound, Andrà ©e Chedid uses characterization to reflect the theme that as long as somebody is brave enough to change, there is hope for a system to grow past oppression. Samya, the main character, is an example of a victim of oppression in late 20th Century Egypt, and her tragic end is an inevitable result of an unjust system. Samya is one of the few to actively rebel against this society. She is a minority rebel compared to most of the women who openly accept their role in the system. However, the other women have distractions: they work, they take care of children, they talk with each other. Samya is alone, with a pitiful excuse of a family and an isolation that stems from marrying into a wealthy family. She has to face the corrupted system by herself, and one person cannot beat an entire system. Samya explains her motivation to rebel, claiming â€Å"Others besides myself must have felt their souls worn away by the interminable length of a life without love. They will understand me†¦ And if there is only one who understands me, it is for her that I protest as loudly as I can† (Chedid 133). Perhaps the cruelest fact is the most Samya can do to fight this system is to accept death. She is a lone soldier at war with an idea, a warped mentality. She â€Å"suffer[s] from something much deeper than boredom†¦ Days [come] one after another, smothering the past, but they [bring] no relief. [Her] pain never [stops] burning. [She wants] to put an end to it† (Chedid 130). She feels she has nothing to lose. In light of these ideas, the reader can see the murder of her husband is inevitable. It is only a matter of time before she lashes out. When Samya does lash out, even her act of murder and passive acceptance of death do not convince the people of the village that there is a problem within their society. Similarly to the situation in which the depressed man commit suicide by setting himself on fire, most only see fault with her. However, also similarly to that situation, one person sees the true core of the problem and is changed by it. Samya’s action impacts Ammal’s heart. Surprisingly, Boutros can also be considered a victim of the system. Admittedly, he passively implements the system without second thoughts because it benefits him. For example, â€Å"Boutros never forgot to place a kiss on [Samya’s] forehead each evening, a ritual he could not do without†¦ This thought stirred in [Samya] a last impulse toward revolt†¦ One day [she] would no longer be able to bear it. [She] knew this† (Chedid 138). Boutros, by habit, kisses Samya. He believes it is his right as a husband, and perhaps even feels he is blessing Samya with his kiss. He is oblivious to the rebellion which is stirring in her, and the fact that in Samya’s depression â€Å"Every one of the people around [her] seemed heavy with symbolic meaning, and in [her] eyes took on exaggerated importance. The image of Boutros, for example, went far beyond Boutros†¦ [she] loaded upon him [her] own sorrows as well as those of the whole world†¦ To [her], he had be come the symbol of those who live by principles as dried up as their souls† (Chedid 132-133). In the perspective of Samya, Boutros is a living representation of the oppression Samya is confined by. But the reader must keep in mind that this is the norm of Egypt, and Boutros has never known any other way of life. Can the fault be put solely on him when society made him this way? The women of the village can be viewed as one entity, as well as representative of the most frustrating component of a warped social system. The women are the oppressed who accept oppression, those who have let themselves be convinced that they are truly lesser. This is shown when the woman Ratiba’s father and brother kill her sister Sayyeda for talking to an unmarried man, and Om el Kher (a popular woman in the village) does not support Ratiba in her anger. Instead, she claims Ratiba’s â€Å"father and her brother are right in a way. In all the villages the men approved of the murder. It was an affair of honor. The men, above all, approved it. The women took it as a warning† (Chedid 80). Here is an emphasis on how the men approved of this murder, and the women passively accepted this as a type of reminder of their standing in society. The horror of the act is inconsequential, in light of the patriarchal hierarchy in place. The women actually perpetuate the syste m which hinders them by excluding Ratiba and calling her bitter, telling her to be quiet and as passive as they are. Samya, similarly, is not included with these women. She is ostracized for being barren, and eventually ostracizes herself by rejecting the advice of the sacred Sheika regarding her infertility. This rift between Samya and the rest of the women is significant, because as mentioned earlier, isolation is what pushes Samya off the edge and makes her more open to rebellion. Ironically, as an outsider she has the most objective perspective of the nature of their situation. The question arises: why do the victims self-impose this system? Do they feel change is impossible, that pretending it is okay will be better than attempting to make a change? Or perhaps, they are too tired to make a change. Whatever the reasoning may be, the motive is inconsequential. The reality of this situation is that because the women accept their fate, they damn themselves and future generations to a life of suffocation under the weight of patriarchy and repressive tradition. The blind man is the only male in the novel who sees the corruption of the nation, and he speaks out against it. He is described as â€Å"some sort of silent divinity who [reigns] over the village when the men [are] away.† Om el Kher tells Samya that â€Å"’The day Bahia was beaten, [the blind man] got angry.’ But Om el Kher excused him, saying, ‘It is such a long time since he saw anything. He lives in another world.’ When his anger rises, he beats the ground with his stick† (Chedid 81). Om el Kher has to excuse the blind man for his minor rebellion and his disapproval of the violence, because the only socially acceptable response to whatever the men decide is an unfaltering acceptance. The only reason he is allowed even this angry act of beating the stick is because he is old, feeble, blind, and therefore not a threat to the other men. At the end of the novel, after Samya has killed Boutros, Ammal realizes she does not want the same life as Samya. She makes a decision, and a woman who sees I cries out: â€Å"’Ammal is running!’ Leaning against the wall, the blind man breathes in peace. How she can run, Ammal! How she runs!† (Chedid 141). Notably, with the action of Ammal, the blind man â€Å"breathes in peace,† reflecting his joy in her decision to take action. Ammal runs because she cannot do anything else. She runs despite all of the logic, the facts which tell her that realistically she has nowhere to go. Logic and facts do not matter, because playing it safe, following the rules, constantly considering the consequences- are what have allowed the oppression to continue on for so long. Ammal sees what so few in the village see- change must occur as quickly as possible, with as much fervor as one can manage, or change will not occur at all. Chedid teaches us with this ending, neither ha ppy nor sad but necessary: do not settle, do not be okay; sometimes all you can do is run.

Ancient Stories Of Greek Mythology - 952 Words

For many years, as long as the ancient stories of greek mythology have been around, the sculpture of Minerva has been in debate. Many believe the correct name for this sculpture should stay the same, which is Minerva. Minerva is in reference to the goddess of war, Athena. This could be a possibility with the helmet that lies beneath her foot as well as the crown that sits upon her head. However, I believe the name should be reversed back to Venus. Venus is the goddess of love, which is Aphrodite. Due to the lack of clothing, how the helmet is placed under her foot, and what I interpret from the crown, this sculpture symbolizes the true goddess, Venus. Beginning from the top of the sculpture, the crown symbolizes much more than a victory in war. The crown symbolizes a winning trophy in accordance to the story, Judgement of Paris. I bring in this tale due to an actual conflict that rises between both Athena and Aphrodite. This conflict was between Athena, Aphrodite, and Hera in order to decide which goddess is the most beautiful in all of Olympus. This decision was made by Hermes in persuasion by Aphrodite, who in turn rewarded him with Helene. Helene later became the cause of the Trojan War. In my opinion, this is a story that supports the purpose of the crown. The crown may symbolize victory, beauty, authority and the ranking of being a goddess. Athena may be the goddess of war with a crown of victory, however Aphrodite was the victor in this case. As well as a crownedShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Greek Mythology1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of Greek mythology Today, the ancient Greek myths still fascinate readers throughout the world. There are thousands of books written about the importance of Greek mythology in the formation of modern-time societies. There are hundreds of movies created about the adventures of Greek heroes. Apparently, the events, creatures, and people described in the ancient Greek myths were not real; however, their mythical nature does not undermine the importance of Greek mythology in defining theRead MoreGreek Mythology and Its Effects on Civilization803 Words   |  4 PagesGreek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Many Greeks recognized the major gods and goddesses, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and many others through philosophies such as Stoicism. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece to the islands and costs of Ionia in Asia Minor to Sicily and southern Italy, and scattered Greek colonies in the Western MediterraneanRead MoreEssay about Greek and Roman Mythology1513 Words   |  7 PagesGreek and Roman mythology is well know. The people of that time period were passionate about the gods and did everything in their power to please them. Like most religions the goal is be like one of the gods in order to achieve good fortune or to gain everlasting life. One of the most interesting characteristics about the Greek and Roman Gods is how the gods are not perfect in that they make the same mistakes that the average human would make. These characteristics were put into place to allow ancientRead MoreGreek Mythology Throughout The Ages916 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Mythology throughout the Ages Greek mythology is the culmination of myths and teaching that began in Ancient Greek. These myths are diverse in the stories that they tell ranging from their gods, their heroes and the nature of the world. They also reveal much about their religious beliefs and practices during Ancient Greece. Today modern scholars study these myths in an attempt to better understand the religious and political practices of Ancient Greece and its civilization of way back whenRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. The Iliad and the Odyssey, our earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8thRead MoreMythology vs Natural World: How mythology helped to explain aspects of the natural world to the ancient Greeks1289 Words   |  6 PagesGreek myths are all that s left of the ancient Greek religion, in which beauty, poetry, and creative activities were a vital part of the tradition. Centuries ago, the Greeks created numerous stories and poems, which are still being shared today, that showed their view of the world that existed not only in the mind of the Greek poets, but in the hearts of the humble and long suffering natives of ancient Greece. From the stories of the Olympians, to heroes greatest adventures and from romantic storiesRead MoreGreek Mythology Vs Roman Mythology1256 Words   |  6 Pages Greek vs. Roman Mythology The line separating Greek and Roman mythology may seem very fine, but there are actually a few distinct differences between the two. For example, the Greeks and Romans both presented many of their stories orally, however, the Greeks were the first people to begin writing them down. Greek mythology is superior as it puts more emphasis on the role of mortals, the appearance of gods is more relevant, and its origin is more interesting as it was original and came before theRead MoreEssay on Christianity vs. Greek Mythology1309 Words   |  6 PagesChristians and Greeks. Both have similarities and differences in their religious beliefs that have been compared often and I have chosen to discuss the similarities and differences of Christianity and ancient Greek mythology. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, or belief in only one God, and spiritual practices are based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as written in the New Testament of the Bible, with the role of Jesus as savior and the Son of God. Greek mythology is a polytheisticRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Greece1322 Words   |  6 Pages Greek Mythology is a mystical and unique universe filled with divine beings, semi-gods, oracles, monsters, creatures, heroes, women and powerful gods with the ability to control nature, all intertwined in epic battles controlled by various times on a gigantic stage composed of temples, shines, prophecies, rituals and even a word for the dead which was called the underworld. Greek mythology itself is legend. In fact, it shows a window into the ancient past, a view of a world that existed not onlyRead MoreGreek Mythology : A Belief Of Ancient Civilizations Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Mythology Have you ever wondered why the seasons change? Why there’s thunder? Where the stars come from? The Greeks created their own beliefs to answer their questions. Greek mythology is a belief of ancient civilizations. Greek mythology gives information on the Olympians, Heracles, origin of Greek mythology, and more. They made up stories called myths to explain why things were the way they are. They called these collections of Greek stories, Greek mythology. Greek mythology was the religion

The Efficiency-Wage Theory in Economics

One of the explanations for structural unemployment is that, in some markets, wages are set above the equilibrium wage that would bring the supply of and demand for labor into balance. While it is true that labor unions, as well as minimum-wage laws and other regulations, contribute to this phenomenon, it is also the case that wages may be set above their equilibrium level on purpose in order to increase worker productivity. This theory is referred to as the efficiency-wage theory, and there are a number of reasons that firms might find it profitable to behave in this way. Reduced Worker Turnover In most cases, workers dont arrive at a new job knowing everything that they need to know about the specific work involved, how to work effectively within the organization, and so on. Therefore, firms spend quite a bit of time and money getting new employees up to speed so that they can be fully productive at their jobs. In addition, firms spend a lot of money on recruiting and hiring new workers. Lower worker turnover leads to a reduction in the costs associated with recruiting, hiring, and training, so it can be worth it for firms to offer incentives that reduce turnover. Paying workers more than the equilibrium wage for their labor market means that it is more difficult for workers to find equivalent pay if they choose to leave their current jobs. This, coupled with the fact that its also less attractive to leave the labor force or switch industries when wages are higher, implies that higher than equilibrium (or alternative) wages give employees an incentive to stay with the company that is treating them well financially. Increased Worker Quality Higher than equilibrium wages can also result in increased quality of the workers that a company chooses to hire. Increased worker quality comes via two pathways: first, higher wages increase the overall quality and ability level of the pool of applicants for the job and help to win the most talented workers away from competitors. (Higher wages increase quality under the assumption that better quality workers have better outside opportunities that they choose instead.) ​ Second, better paid workers are able to take care of themselves better in terms of nutrition, sleep, stress, and so on. The benefits of better quality of life are often shared with employers since healthier employees are usually more productive than unhealthy employees. (Luckily, worker health is becoming less of a relevant issue for firms in developed countries.) Worker Effort The last piece of the efficiency-wage theory is that workers exert more effort (and are hence more productive) when they are paid a higher wage. Again, this effect is realized in two different ways: first, if a worker has an unusually good deal with her current employer, then the downside of getting fired is larger than it would be if the worker could just pack up and get a roughly equivalent job somewhere else. If the downside of getting fired if more severe, a rational worker will work harder to ensure that she doesnt get fired. Second, there are psychological reasons why a higher wage might induce effort  since people tend to prefer working hard for people and organizations that acknowledge their worth and respond in kind.

Persuasive Speech On Puppy Mills - 986 Words

Laura Hauck Comm 101 Section 3 Paper 1 1/17/16 Self-Critique Of My Persuasive Speech I will be critiquing my persuasive speech on puppy mills. The issue of puppy mills is one that is very important to me, and I was very dedicated to my speech. My speech informed the audience of the detrimental effects that puppy mills have on dogs, possible solutions to the problem, and how the audience could help. My persuasive goal was to try and convince the audience to help put a stop to the issue of puppy mills by adopting a dog from a shelter or rescue organization, or contacting their local legislature about the issue. My speech had assets and drawbacks which were apparent in my content and delivery. My strengths included my PowerPoint, the emotional appeal, and the commitment to my topic. My weaknesses were the length of my speech, maintaining eye contact, and my verbal delivery. However, these can be amended using several easy methods, such as timing myself while I practice, writing notes on my cards to remind me to keep eye contact, and practicing more in general. The most vital aspect of my speech was that it exhibited strong features. The strengths in my speech were very beneficial to the overall effect that my speech had on my audience. My presentation, emotional appeal, and topic commitment were the ones that I feel were the most obvious and important. Firstly, I feel that my PowerPoint was very vital in driving home the point that I was trying to get across to the audience.Show MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesfrom a brand already existing in memory to a new product than it is to first establish the brand in memory and then also link the new product to it. As a dramatic illustration of the marketing communication efficiencies of extensions, when General Mills launched its fourth Cheerios extension, Frosted Cheerios, the brand was able to achieve a 0.44 percent market share in the extremely competitive cereal category in its very first week of sales with essentially no advertising or promotion. Solely onRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesa book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editions, which examined only notable mistakesRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdefinition caught on. It has now become a correct lexical definition. Persuasive definitions are another category of definitions. Take the definition of atheist proposed by William, an acquaintance of mine: By atheist I mean a non-Christian pervert who will rot in hell. Well, the definition is not especially accurate because it doesnt reveal the way most other people use the term atheist. It’s more of biased description or persuasive definition, not a lexical one. Sometimes a definition of a termRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pageslives airborne at 40 000 feet. â€Å" . . . world population, and also the available labour force in industrial countries, is doubl- This can be contrasted with a rather more serious comment made by Professor William H. Pickering of Harvard in a speech made during June 1908, in which his lack of imagination is as extreme as De Jouvenal’s excess: † carrying innumerable passengers in a way analogous to our modern steamship. It seems safe to say that such ideas are wholly visionary, and, even

Montessori Environment Essay - 1400 Words

What are the principals governing the creation of the Prepared Environment? How are the concepts of freedom and discipline encompassed within the prepared environment? Please consider the importance of freedom for the developing child in terms of self-regulation. The first aim of the prepared environment is, as far as it is possible, to render the growing child independent of the adult. —Maria Montessori The Secret of Childhood, 1966 The Montessori Environment is prepared on six principals: Freedom, Structure and Order, Beauty, Nature and Reality, Social Environment, Intellectual Environment. 1. FREEDOM Montessori believed that a child must be free to explore and follow his own natural impulses. Within the prepared environment, the†¦show more content†¦This is not to keep the room tidy, but to help the children organize their mental and physical development. Such an organized environment allows children to go about their activities independently .The materials are very hands on and involve movement which stems from Montessori’s belief that knowledge proceeds from hand to brain. Often in a Montessori classroom you will hear teacher saying, â€Å" find a piece of work to do,† and the children are capable of finding a work independently. Or â€Å"you can use that work anytime you want†. The Montessori prepared environment provides activities and materials which motivate the child’s interest and inner concentration which result self-discipline. The children make their own choice in their activities allows for independent learning and satisfaction. Montessori’s definition of discipline is not something the teacher does to control children. There is a self-discipline in Montessori classroom that means a child is responsible for his/her act. Responsibility to the environment, self-control, self-motivation, self-initiated tasks and way to independence. Children learn decision-making skills through the pro 2. STRUCTURE AND ORDER Montessori believed that there is a sensitive period for order which occurs between the ages of one and three years of age. The structure and order of the prepared environment plays a significant role in children’s learning and development. The materials are classified, ordered and sequenced accordingShow MoreRelatedThe First Dawning of Self-Discipline Comes Through Work. Discuss This Statement1269 Words   |  6 PagesESSAY 5: â€Å"THE FIRST DAWNING OF SELF-DISCIPLINE COMES THROUGH WORK†. DISCUSS THIS STATEMENT. Montessori believed that inner discipline, or self-discipline, is an active skill which is developed over time within each child, and is not something that pre-exists. She held it to be a natural part of the normal progression and growth of the child, but nevertheless, something that must be nurtured in the right way in order for it to develop fully. In her view, every child is born with the innate abilityRead MoreMontessori on Discipline and Obedience1729 Words   |  7 PagesMontessori philosophy interprets â€Å"discipline† (Montessori,1988) and â€Å"obedience† (Montessori, 1988) in a different way than any other philosophy does. This essay intends to discuss and define those two important factors in detail and explains the difference between them.† Discipline† and â€Å"obedience† can only be discussed in combination with freedom in a prepared environment. Freedom not only allows the child to progress in his/her own pace, it also fosters the chi ld’s emerging inner discipline. HoweverRead MoreDescribe What Montessori Meant by â€Å"New Education†1594 Words   |  7 PagesDr Maria Montessori dedicated and committed her life into education of the children. She has witnessed through some years with wars and conflicts and she thought; through education this can be turned into peace to this world. Since the year 1907 Montessori name has been recognized in the education system. Even though it has been over a century to this date Montessori principles are as powerful as it was. Dr Maria Montessori has relied on her actual observations on children to develop her methodRead MoreAlternative Learning Options For A Future Democratic Society : The Ethical Goal Of A Level Playing Field1053 Words   |  5 Pageswith a better, more effective education suited for today’s world. Montessori education is one of these alternative learning options that been around for many years and has been steadily gaining popularity. The Montessori system of education was developed during the first half of the 1900’s by Dr. Maria Montessori as a result of her extensive research observations and experimental testing (Lillard, 2005, pp. 16-18). Dr. Montessori was of the belief that children contain an innate desire to learnRead MoreHome And School Are Places Of Social Processes1363 Words   |  6 PagesBoth home and school are places of social processes. Montessori’s first school located in Rome included family housing in a residential building in Rome assisting a better learning environment against those who opposed. The Child’s House, it was named provided the family with comfort and assurance (Cooney,2011). Almost as if it was a at home daycare facility the parents had a peace of mind while they left for work knowing their children were well taken care of as well as getting an education, thatRead MoreThe influence of the Absorbent Mind, and the Sensitive Periods on the childs development o f movement, language and social skills.1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this essay I will define the Absorbent Mind and the Sensitive period and illustrate the influence of these periods on the child s development of movement, language and social skills. A child in his absorbent mind develops his movement, his language and social skills by soaking knowledge. He takes steps in different sensitive period and repeats his movements, words or social skill actions to improve and to perfect his movement, language and social skills. The Absorbent Mind: DrRead Moreadult-child interaction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesadult-child interaction. This review essay will explain briefly about the interaction occurred, feedback from both parties and the significant of theory in child language development. Therefore, on 4th November 2013, I had an observation at an early childhood center, SMART LITTLE BEE in Putrajaya. Smart Little Bee is not just an ordinary childhood center, the founder Miss Nor Julia bt Mohammad Nor tried to implant new exposure in educating the child using the Montessori Theory which had been used in severalRead MoreCreativeity and How the Skill Builders Assist This Process: Montessori959 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment One Book four: Write a essay on creativity. Discuss aspects off: Young children being in the process of creating themselves. The making of objects of art and crafts, a. How the Montessori â€Å" skill builders† assist point 1 and 2 above. Creativity is the making of anything and children are less interested in the product than they are interested in the process. They are learning without an outcome in mind and will construct meaning to any skill acquisition or concept as it requiresRead MoreExplain the Relationship Between Discipline Obedience from the Montessori Perspective. Explain How Discipline Obedience and Linked to the Development of the Will1454 Words   |  6 PagesDiscipline and obedience are two words used to imply a strict way of learning. Montessori, on the other hand, saw these as a natural instinct that came from within. In this essay I intend to show that with the correct conditions the child can become self-disciplined and have the ability to obey without the need of force, reward or punishment as Montessori described. The understanding of discipline, according to the dictionary, is described as ‘the practice of training people to obey rules or aRead MoreAistear: High/Scope and Montessori Pedagogical Methods Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesThis Essay will discuss and identify how Aistear’s four themes- well being, identity belonging, communication and exploring thinking- are represented in the Montessori and High/Scope pedagogical methods. Nà ³irà ­n Hayes explains in her research paper Perspectives On The Relationship Between Education and Care In Ireland (2007), how demand for early years education in Ireland has increased in the last two decades for a multitude of reasons. Due to this growing demand for quality early years education

Analyse the Rise to Power of Joseph Stalin free essay sample

Joseph Stalin became the leader of the USSR after it’s first leader Vladimir Lenin died. Stalin’s rise to power was violent and ruthless, however the result was just what he wanted to achieve. In this essay I will analyse the rise to power of Joseph Stalin as well as look at the steps, which he took towards becoming a totalitarian leader of the USSR. Joseph Stalin was studying to be a priest but he was expelled for his revolutionary activity. Stalin has attracted Lenin’s attention because of this revolutionary activity and Lenin was helping Stalin to rise in party leadership. This can be considered Stalin’s first step towards becoming a dictator. This clearly shows that his way up in the party leadership began from being promoted by Lenin. After Lenin’s death, there were five main people struggling to achieve the position of a leader of USSR. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the Rise to Power of Joseph Stalin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These were: Trotsky, Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev and Stalin. Stalin wanted to become the leader of USSR. His main rival was Leon Trotsky because he had the support of the Soviet people. Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev joined together to oppose the continuation of the New Economic Policy (a new and more capitalized economic policy, which was supposed to revive the Soviet economy that was ruined after the Civil War. NEP allowed farmers to earn extra money). Their wishes appeared to go against Lenin’s. Trotsky had a policy called ‘Permanent Revolution’. He wanted to spread communism to the neighboring countries. Stalin had a different point of view – he believed that at first it was important to establish and strengthen communism in the USSR. Stalin was able to appoint his supporters on key positions in the communist party. He was able to do that mainly due to the fact that Trotsky was busy gaining the support of the people because he wanted to convince them about the benefit of ‘Permanent Revolution’ and also he believed that it is important to have the support of the nation. As a historian Norman Pereira said about Stalin putting his supporters around him: ‘He was an arch-bureaucrat who put together a coalition of party secretaries who had no truly revolutionary intent and were preoccupied by a concern for bureaucratic privilege. ’ Stalin sided with Bukharin. Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev were announced as traitors to Lenin as they didn’t want the continuation of the NEP (New Economic Policy). They were expelled from the party. Later, Trotsky was killed by Stalin’s NKVD (secret police) in order to eliminate him as a competitor completely. The two of his very important rivals and his main rival were no longer an obstacle for Stalin. Bukharin has originally sided with Stalin to get rid of Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev. After they were gone, he wanted to continue the NEP, as this is what Stalin told him they should do. In 1927 Stalin sent soldiers to arrest anybody who was making profit as a result of the NEP. Bukharin now accused Stalin of being a tyrant. Due to that, Bukharin was expelled from the party as Stalin had appointed his supporters on key positions in the party, making it possible for him to expel Bukharin. Stalin became an undisputed leader of the USSR. Conclusively, I believe that Stalin has used several methods to rise to power, most of them being manipulative such as assigning his supporters to key positions in the communist party and alliance with Bukharin in order to eliminate other rivals. In the end, he has successfully become a dictator of the Soviet Union who will later lead the country through its biggest challenge – the Second World War.

Does Sex Education Work Essay Example For Students

Does Sex Education Work Essay The question is no longer should sex education be taught, but rather how should it be taught. Over 93% of all public high schools currently offer courses on sexuality or HIV. More than 510 junior and senior high schools have school-linked health clinics, and more than 300 schools make condoms available on campus. The question now is, are these programs effective, and if not, how can we make them better? Kids need the right information to help protect them-selves. The US has more than double the teenagers pregnancy rate of any western industrialized country. Teenagers have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of any age group, with one in four young people contracting an STD by the age of 21. STDs, including HIV, can damage teenagers health and reproductive ability. And there is still no cure for AIDS. HIV infection is increasing most rapidly among young people. One in four new infections in the US occurs in people younger than 22. In 1994, 417 new AIDS cases were diagnosed among 13-19 year olds, and 2,684 new cases among 20-24 year olds. Since infection may occurs up to 10 years before and AIDS diagnosis, most of those people were infected with HIV either as adolescents or pre-adolescents. Knowledge alone is not enough to change behaviors. Programs that rely mainly on conveying information about sex or moral precepts-how the bodys sexual system functions, what teens should and shouldnt do-have failed. However, programs that focuses on helping teenagers to change their behavior-using role-playing, games, and exercises that strengthen social skills-have shown signs of success. In the US, controversy over what message should be given to children has disadvantaged sex education programs in schools. Too often statements of values (my children should not have sex outside of marriage) come wrapped up in misstatements of fact (sex education doesnt work anyway). Should we do everything possible to suppress teenage sexual behavior, or should we acknowledge that many teens are sexually active, and prepare them against the negative consequences? Emotional arguments can get in the way of an unbiased assessment of the effects of sex education. Other countries have been much more successful than the US in addressing the problem of teen pregnancies. Age at first intercourse in similar in the US and five countries have teen pregnancy rates that are at least less than half the US rate. Sex education in these other countries is based on the following components: a policy explicitly favoring sex education; openness about sex, consistent messages throughout society, and access to contraception. Reducing the Risk, a program for high school students in urban and rural areas in California, used behavior theory-based activities to reduce unprotected intercourse, either by helping teens avoid sex or use protection. Ninth and 10th graders attended 15 sessions as part of their regular health education classes and participated in role-playing and experimental activities to build skills and self-efficacy. As a result, a greater proportion of students who were abstinent before the program successfully remained abstinent, and unprotected intercourse was significantly reduced for those students who became sexually active. Postponing Sexual Involvement, a program for African-American 8th graders in Atlanta, GA, used peers (11th and 12th graders) to help youth understand social and peer pressures to have sex, and to develop and apply resistance skills. A unit of the program also taught about human sexuality, decision-making, and contraceptives. This program successfully reduced the number of abstinent students who initiated intercourse after the program, and increased contraceptive use among sexually experienced females. Healthy Oakland Teens (HOT) targets all 7th graders attending a junior high school in Oakland, CA. Health educators teach basic sex and drug education, and 9th grade peer educators lead interactive exercises on values, decision-making, communication, and condom-use skills. .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .postImageUrl , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:visited , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:active { border:0!important; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:active , .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337 .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf75d4d3b848e9fd765d3e7adc519337:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chlamydia (714 words) Essay After one year, students in the program were much less likely to initiate sexual activities such as deep kissing, genital touching, and sexual intercourse. AIDS Prevention for Adolescents in School, a program for 9th and 11th graders in schools in New York City, NY, focused on correcting facts about AIDS, teaching cognitive skills to appraise risks of transmission, increasing knowledge of AIDS-prevention resources, clarifying personal values, understanding external influences, and teaching skills to delay intercourse and/or consistently use condoms. .

Victory Essays - Christology, Salvation, Jesus In Christianity

Victory "It is finished!" John 19:30. What Christ is referring to here is the accomplished salvation of the people. What that means is that when we are saved, we do not have to put out burnt saccrifices up to Him. It is no longer needed because Christ died for us, which took away the iniquities of our sin. He did this out of great love for us. This is exemplified in John 3:16 "For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotton son that who so ever belief in him shall have eternall life!". That verse is very important to us, or should be, because in a way, one could base his/her relationship with the Lord upon it. The reason is because God loved us so much that he did that for us so that is the least that we could do. In Genesis 3:15 it says that we will be punished for our sins. Yes, that is true, but God will forgive and forget them if we repent. You see this is not possible without Jesus dying for our sins. In Romans 5:6-8 it says that Christ died for all of us. Even the bad ones, ALL. This is a sign of the Victory that Christ had won a victory here. The reason is because of all of the lifes that he saved and will later be saved. In Romans 5 it says that Jesus died for All Sinners! We are all sinners so his death was for all. When Jesus says that "It is finished", he can also be reffering to the older predictions of Christs' life. There is one in particular that it might have been talking about in Isaiah. That is the one in which Isaiah talks of the life of Jesus and the crusifiction, in very short and brief detail. The suffering in which Jesus took for us lasted all through the night, and then in the morning the thrusted a sword into His side to see if he was alive. After the water poored out of His side, you can say that it is officially over. In my heart it is not completely over, just that of that era. Jesus will always live in my heart and not until the very end times is it over in my heart. When the life of Jesus was over, at the same exact time God tore the cloth in the temple from the top to the bottom. The reason it had to have been God is that no one would be capable of tearing it from the top. This was to show the wrath of God that He had upon the world at this time. I am sure that He felt bad for His son for having to go through all of this. God loved the world so much that He did this for us though. We should all acknowledge the fact that is the reason for the crucifiction. This little message actually means a whole lot to me. I feel that when he said that "It is finished", he was reffering to the fact that we no longer have to sacrifice. I believe that this is a very strong statement to believers, that they would acknowledge the love and a lesson to the non-Christians that they would possibly just think about it a little and maybe they will also think a little more about how they are living their life. I feel that we all DO fall short of the glory of God, but we a supposed to do the best we can to be more and more like Him. I love my lord with all my heart and will continue to my whole life.

Help With IELTS Writing Task

Help With IELTS Writing TaskThere are a number of ways to help with its writing task. The answer will vary from person to person but here are a few ways I believe that can make your ielts essay writing task easier:Always remember that the English grammar and syntax are an essential part of any writing task. This means that you will have to check the proper grammar before you start any sentence. Look at the spelling, punctuation and grammar rules before starting the writing process. This will make it easier for you to complete the entire task in an efficient manner.It is common for students to encounter difficult vocabulary and verbs that can be confusing to learn and understand at first. To avoid this problem, try to focus on the important topics that will need to be discussed in the essay and make sure to stick to the basics until it is mastered. This will reduce the risk of making grammatical mistakes.An important point to make when you are writing is that you have to consider that the content of the essay should be written in a way that will impress your professor. This means that you have to present the information in a clear and easy to understand way. A good way to learn how to write an ielts essay is to take some practice tests to improve your writing skills.IELTS writing tasks can be very easy if you make use of many samples and outlines. For example, instead of just reading the whole chapter on the essay, try reading it from the introductory chapter to the last chapter. This will help you a lot in identifying the areas where you need to work on your writing skills. This is very useful when you are trying to improve your tests essay writing skill.As you become more proficient in writing essays, you can consider having a large number of manuscripts ready in front of you. These manuscripts can include essay sample sheets that help you understand the basic principles of writing. If you do not have a large number of samples, consider purchasing them from th e internet.In addition to the techniques above, it is important to understand the fact that the general ielts writing task can be made easier by keeping a few simple goals in mind. It is very important to avoid writing the same essay twice. Instead, make your essay different by writing different scenarios or something new.A good sense of discipline and the desire to succeed is also needed to get the best result. An essay that is unreadable will not be helpful at all.

My beliefs essays

My beliefs essays The idea of putting another human being to death is hard to completely imagine. I think the emotions involved in carrying out a death sentence on another person, regardless of how much they deserve it, is beyong my own understanding. I know it must be painful and sickening. However, this act is sometimes necessary and it is our responsability as a society to see that it is done. There are many reasons why I am in favor of the death penalty. It prevents the murderer from ever murdering again, it removes the burden from taxpayers, it is an efficient way to lower crime in this country, and it is also a good punishment because people in I feel strongly toward using the death penalty as punishment for unspeakable crimes. I feel that it is an obstacle for criminal activity because of its severity and it will never allow a murderer to kill again and destroy another family. I do, however, feel that restrictions should be put on its uses. Not all crimes deserve the death penalty. Let the punishment fit the crime. If a criminal performs an intentional cruel murder he should be put to death. It is that simple. If the convicted offender shows no remorse for his actions, then the decision should be even easier. Repeat offenders and people who enjoy killing do not The death penalty is the only method that completely separates murderers from our society. Supporters of the death penalty ask themselves the same question, why should I have to pay to support a murderer for the rest of his life? Why not execute them and save our society the cost of their keep? I dont think it is fair for us to pay so they can have all the luxuries they have in prison. Shouldnt they be miserable and have to work for the bare necessities, just like the Crime in todays world has become more gruesome ...

Nursing Documentation in the Age of the Electronic Health Record Research Paper

Nursing Documentation in the Age of the Electronic Health Record - Research Paper Example Deficiencies in nursing recording have forced the stakeholders to implement interventions aimed at improving healthcare documentation. Healthcare providers need to determine the best approaches for incorporating the elements of nursing into Electronic Health Records. Electronic documentation ensures long-term preservation and storage of records, which promotes evidence-based nursing care (Busch, 2008). Capturing nursing’s independent contributions to patient care requires proper comprehension and application of standardized terminologies that reflect the uniqueness of the healthcare systems. Correct use of standardized terminologies benefits the nursing profession through enhancing communication among the nursing stakeholders, increasing visibility of nursing interventions and facilitating assessment of nursing competency. The Focus of Documentation of Patient Care Information recording is a critical part of medical endeavor. Busch (2008) maintains that medical care requires c ontinuous flow of information before and after each task to maintain continuity of care. The tasks in the medical care are interdependent and build on one another to achieve the goals of nursing practice. Nurses have the responsibility of managing and implementing the plans of the medical team for the patient through recording the progress towards the outcomes. Nurses collect the patient’s information during diagnosis and record the same in files kept in the hospitals. The objective of collecting this information is to enable the nurses to trace the medical history of the patients during diagnosis in order to help them identify genealogical and chronic diseases. Future nurses for patients will also need this data for understanding the earlier medicine and its effects on the patient over time. Lack of documentation may lead to lose of crucial information required by both the nursing organization and the patients (Azari, Janeja & Mohseni, 2012). Practicing nurses, therefore, ne ed to be educated to the necessity of documenting care using standardized nursing languages in this era when sectors are rapidly embracing electronic documentation. Documentation in healthcare focuses on enhancing communication and continuity of care among the nurses and other healthcare professionals involved in the profession. Communication between the nurses and the nurses and among doctors cannot be possible, unless there is proper documentation. Doctors do not meet physically to discuss the progress of patients in most cases; documents are sent from one section of the hospital to another for the intended provider to act appropriately (Busch, 2008). Proper documentation stimulates the process of communication in the hospital, which ensures that the healthcare stakeholders achieve their objectives. Another focus of medical documentation is ensuring evidence for future reference. There are cases where doctors give incorrect medication to patients. These patients may develop compli cations, which may lead to legal liabilities. The courts of law require the records to serve as evidence for incorrect treatment disseminated. Documentation ensures that these records are available whenever required. Additionally, proper documentation leads to recording of data that is crucial for research and education (Ripley, 2009). Practicing students of medicine and nursing can refer to these documents when there is a need to link theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge. Documentation,

Strategic Management in Tourism, Sports and Event Case Study

Strategic Management in Tourism, Sports and Event - Case Study Example Sports industry has grown considerably due to the growing interests related to games, health and fitness. Focusing on this aspect, the case study intends to reveal ways of doing business in light of increased environmental concerns for a popular sport organisation namely Manchester United Football Club. Besides, the case study also discusses various growth strategies that can be used for Manchester United to expand the business. Corporate Social Responsibility In the context of strategic management, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is significantly influencing the business at an alarming rate. CSR is linked with core business objectives and core competencies and it can provide positive financial yields for Manchester United along with facilitating it to create a positive environmental impact in the world (McElhaney, 2009). New Ways of Doing Business In current business context, environmental problems such as climate change create an impact on every aspect of the economy and sports industry is no exception. Sports business is potentially an environmentally sensitive segment and is likely to be impacted by climate change. In present days, there is an increasing awareness about certain environmental issues such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, carbon emission, energy consumption and waste management among others (The Higher Education Academy, 2008; Carroll & Shabana, 2010). CSR Initiative Optimal for Manchester United The corporate trend towards CSR signifies substantial prospects for Manchester United to capitalise on pervasive demands of sports along with the financial strength of the business (Manchester United Limited, 2011). In order to understand the most optimal CSR initiative for an organisation, first there is a need to make an internal analysis such as SWOT. Appendix 1 and 2 shows the SWOT analysis of Manchester United and the SWOT analysis with the aid of Weighting/Ranking System. Concerning the internal aspects of Manchester United, it can be stated that the organisation possesses a number of ways for positioning the CSR strategies. For instance, it can make progression towards accomplishing profit objectives by of its involvement in sport related or spectator services along with developing partnerships with other organisations in an attempt to advance CSR programs (Smith & Westerbeek, 2007). Clear CSR Leadership Position In order to be comp etitive in present day’s business environment, organisations must constantly innovate and observe the activities of the competitors. Manchester United has corporate responsibility to ensure safe and healthy atmosphere and is committed to maintain sound environmental performance by constant maintenance of environmental management system (Akesson, 2010; Breitbarth et al., 2011). Strategic Group Analysis of Sports Industry Strategic group is a concept which is used to classify groups of organisations within similar industry, having similar business models (Reger & Huff, 2010). The following figure will show the strategic groups in the United Kingdom sports industry with reference to football segment. Aspects such as extent of branding and number of market segment served have been used for demonstrating the strategic group of Manchester United. According to the above figure, the key competitors of Manchester United in the Asian market are Arsenal Holdings plc, Chelsea and Liverpo ol Football Club (Henry, 2008). Arsenal and Chelsea have focused on Asian participation being through academies and programs while Liverpool is focusing on Indian market for opening of its own academy (Chelsea, 2013; The Arsenal Football Club Plc, 2011; Eurosport, 2013) Growth Strategy for 2014 to 2015 Business growth for an organisatio

Comparative study of security in Windows and Linux Research Paper

Comparative study of security in Windows and Linux - Research Paper Example It is also important to ensure that the user functions do not interfere with the work of the operating system. Since the operating system is large and complex in code, it is suggested to create it in pieces. Each of these pieces should be well defined with respect to their work, inputs, outputs and various internal functions. The look and feel of the Linux operating system is same as that of the UNIX operating system. Linux is much younger than UNIX system. While OpenBSD is also generated over the UNIX framework, it is mostly developed using the security issues into account. In recent times, internal threats implied to the threats that were caused due to the misuse of internal data of an organisation by an internal employee. Nowadays it is not only limited to a dissatisfied employee who misuses confidential data for his/her own profit, but today it is more important to find out the ways by which the person is getting an access to those valuable data. In the same way internal threats to operating system generally occurs due to some internal bugs that were generated during the creation of the Operating system, such as some back door, or some logical errors, that are still not fixed and are open to vulnerabilities. The team that developed this operating system claims that the system had been developed, keeping various security threats in mind. OpenBSD is developed in UNIX. At present it is considered to be number one with regards to the security measures among various other available options, since this system was developed through proactive security measures and implementation of cryptography. OpenBSD uses a pseudo random number generator for its cryptographic encryption purpose. Keeping in mind that security can be breached if the number that is used for encryption gets hacked, resulting in the entire system being open to external attack, the OpenBSD system generates

Factors Affecting Euthanasia :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Factors Affecting Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the September 4 issue of the British. medical journal The Lancet, Canadian researchers report on how dying patients' "will to live" is likely to show "substantial fluctuation" due to changes in both physical and mental factors. Dr. Harvey Chochinov of the University of Manitoba and his colleagues assessed the "will to live" twice daily in 168 mentally competent cancer patients admitted to palliative care, and correlated this with a variety of other factors. The patients ranged in age from 31 to 89 years old; they survived an average of 18 days, though one woman lived more than 150 days. The factors with the most impact on the will to live were "depression, anxiety, shortness of breath, and sense of well-being." Which factor was most important varied with the stage of illness. During the earlier course of a patient's illness, anxiety was the dominant factor; depression became more important later, and shortness of breath was the chief factor suppressing a will to live when death became imminent. The study confirmed that, at least during much of a terminal illness's course, psychological factors weigh more heavily in a desire for death than factors such as physical pain.    Numerous US studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted suicide -- those who are frail, elderly and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are:    * A poll conducted for the Washington Post on March 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters aged 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majority opposition was also found among those with incomes under $15,000 (54%), and black Americans (70%).    * An August 1993 Roper poll funded by the Hemlock Society and other euthanasia supporters indicated that voters aged 18-29 supported "physician-aided suicide" 47% to 35%; voters aged 60 and older opposed it 45% to 35%. Hemlock's newsletter commented that "the younger the person, the more likely he or she is to favor this legislation." The newsletter added that "this is somewhat at odds with how Hemlock views its membership," since it sees itself as defending the interests of elderly citizens. (Humphry; Poll 9) A study of cancer patients found that terminally ill patients experiencing significant pain are more opposed to physician-assisted suicide than other terminally ill patients or the general public.

Analysising Television Advertisements: Music Products

I have found six advertisements for music, such as compilations and greatest hits albums; they were all obtained between the times of 6pm and 8pm on Channel Four. The majority of this time was taken up by the broadcasting of a live concert of a ‘chart topping' solo artist. The first advertisement is for the band True Steppers' album True Stepping. Their record company is Virgin, so the advertisement began with a large Virgin symbol surrounded with a white border: this border remained unchanged throughout the advertisement and is the same with all Virgin music advertisements. This means one can identify and associate all advertisements like it with the Virgin record label. The music then began to play: it was the band's number one hit and instantly grabbed the attention of anyone who knew the song. The band itself is not widely known, but they have made a number of songs featuring more famous artists than themselves. A list of these artists was then read out to associate these big names with this smaller product. This was to make people buy the record not only for the main band but also, for the featured artists. The music continues to play and the tracks on the album are listed. The narrator then states ‘It's so good you might just want to share it with everyone else'. An attractive young lady is then shown, wearing very revealing clothes, standing outside a building with the album playing, extremely loud. There are also many respectable onlookers, (men in suits, pensioners and mothers with young children) are watching with looks of horror on their faces. This essentially uses sex to sell the product however it also uses the image of being ‘cool'. Loud music and the appearance of standing up against the respectable majority bring about this image and encourage the target audience want to buy the product just to be cool and be in the ‘in crowd': where a lot of teenagers would like to be. Finally the narrator says the Virgin slogan ‘Whatever turns you on' and a picture of the box comes up with a large price beneath it. The price is stated and is made to stand out because it is a reasonably low price and is an important factor along with the high quality of the product, tending to make people more likely to part with their money. The second advertisement is for a compilation of various artists, of the dance and trace genres. The advertisement starts on a typical, boring, dull coloured, city bus. The camera the zooms in on the back row, where a girl is reading the Holy Bible. However the camera only just gives the viewer time to take all this information in, before it continues it's zoom into her golden eyes. In the pupil of here eye is a nun standing in front of a stained glass window, the music then begins and the nun's vestments fall to the ground to reveal a stereotypical ‘clubber'. It is then that the viewer realises that it is not in fact a stained glass window but a set of disco lights and is a club not a church or nunnery. A number of tracks are played and the appropriate artists are listed, the music stops and the camera zooms back to show the girl looking shocked as though she has just found something out, or been converted The camera then zooms out to the front of the bus. The screen blurs and a picture of the box appears. No price is mentioned nor is there any other information on the product. Then for the first time is the name of the product mentioned, The Clubbers' Bible, and a slogan appears ‘The Clubbers' Bible: worship your weekends'. The advertisement starts off dull so that the contrast between the bright club and the grey bus is as large as possible. The bus is meant to show how boring your life is and how colourful your life could be if you brought this product: it is appealing to our aspirational desires. The girl is reading the Bible for the simple reason of the products name. The nun in front of the stained glass window draws the viewer further into the religious implications the product makes but then it is all change to the music side of the product. The advertisement again uses an attractive young woman as a suggestive lever to bend the viewer towards buying the product. The club featured in the advertisement reveals more information on the true nature of the product and makes people associate the perfection and holiness of the Bible with the product, clubs and the people within. This perfection is attempting to sell the product in the real and very imperfect world. The design on the front of the box is the same as that on the Bible again connecting the Bible and this product. A price is not mentioned at the end, probably because the product is rather more expensive than it should be so less people would be willing to part with their hard earned cash. The whole advert carries a mainly religious theme to imply perfection and superiority so it appears above any rivals in the mind of the viewer. The third advertisement is for another compilation called R&B2. The music began at once with a recent hit by one of the featured bands. This action was to entice the viewer into concentrating on the advert to see if any other major artists are mentioned, which they are. The compilation is a double CD and in the advertisement there are only six artists mentioned: these are the most widely known in the compilation. The most renowned artists are the only ones mentioned because this would make people want to buy the whole record for individual or a view of the featured artists, not for the fact that there are many artists. The advertisement has no slogan but a price is mentioned and is also made very prominent. In this case the price is mentioned because it is very low and is therefore a good selling angle of the product and would help it to sell. The advertisers would have paid for this prime time (mentioned above) in order to catch their target audience, whom I believe to be mainly teenagers, because they have the largest effect on record sales. If they are not buying the record themselves then they are having it bought for them as a gift. It is my belief that teenagers are the target audience because the majority of the crowd at the concert were teenagers: therefore I come to the conclusion that this percentage will also be the equivalent for home viewers, the majority would be in their teens. Here are the reasons that I believe that the adverts are aimed at people in their teens: firstly all of the people featured in the above advertisement, who were not artists, appear to be in their early twenties or teens, so teenagers can imagine themselves in the place of those in the advertisement. Secondly, a lot of bright and appealing colours are used throughout, which I find attractive, and I therefore conclude that other teenagers would like this and it would help the adverts to lodge themselves in the mind of the viewer. Finally, sex appeal is used in two of the above advertisements, but only very mildly, and as a teenager one becomes aware, for the first time, of the use of sex in advertising in the real world.?

Bipolar I and II Treatment, Medication and Genetics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1198 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? People that suffer from bipolar disorder are characterized by having major changes in mood and behavior. This disorder involves a cycle of having a high energy state knows as mania, a less severe form of mania called hypomania, and a very low energy mood state of depression. There are various levels of bipolar disorder that depend on the length of mania and depression cycles that a person experiences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bipolar I and II: Treatment, Medication and Genetics" essay for you Create order Many factors can also influence if someone can be diagnosed with this disorder based on genetics and if a family member has suffered from bipolar disorder in the past. While symptoms of this disorder can start to occur during the late teens and early adult years of life, some people that do recognize these symptoms may not be diagnosed for a long time. While there is no cure for bipolar disorder, prescription drugs are available to stabilize the moods that this disorder causes as well as various forms of treatments. Types of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder can be broken down into four types based on various symptoms. Bipolar I is at the top of the list as being the most severe form of the disorder. Following the list based on severity would be Bipolar II, this type includes a milder form of mania called hypomania. Cyclothymia incorporates a fluctuation of hypomania and depression are shorter and less severe. And the last being Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, this type of the disorder involves the symptoms of the other types however, they do not fit into the other categories. Bipolar I. Bipolar I is characterized by having episodes of manic. These manic episodes include feelings of increased sociability, talkativeness, hyperactivity, and a decreased need for sleep. These manic episodes can last at least seven days and can become so severe that people require medical attention. Followed by the period of mania is a period of severe depression that could last from up to a week to months before cycling back to the manic stage. Mixed states can also occur where both the manic and hypomanic symptoms occur at the same time. Bipolar II. Bipolar II is a less severe type of Bipolar I. This type includes major depressive episodes that alternate with hypomania. This form of bipolar disorder can last a long time and patients tend to have very low energy, along with fatigue and excessive sleep. While the hypomanic episodes are milder than manic episodes it can still impair basic functioning. During this type of bipolar disorder people can experience periods of normal functioning however, the risk for suicide is high. Cyclothymia. Cyclothymia is similar to the other types of bipolar disorder but the cycling of hypomanic episodes and depression is not major. A portion of people that are diagnosed with Cyclothymia will develop either Bipolar I or Bipolar II later in life. These periods of hypomania and depression are much shorter and less severe as well as separated by a normal mood. People with this type have mood swings that can change drastically, one day they can feel like they are the best that they can be and the next day they can be down with feelings of depression. Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. This type of bipolar disorder involves symptoms of manic episodes and major depressive episodes but do not fit into the other types of the disorder. Someone would be diagnosed with this type if they experienced a rapid cycling between manic and depressive episodes. This is the least severe type of bipolar disorder. Like the other types they are treatable with medications. Causes of Bipolar Disorder Even though the direct cause for bipolar disorder has not clearly been identified, there are multiple factors that increase the chances of having the disorder. Genetic factors have a great effect on an offspring having bipolar disorder based on if a parent or family background has suffered from it in the past. Environment factors also play a role in the disorder. Causes can also range from other disorders playing a role to any kind of substance abuse such as cocaine. Genetics. Genetics play a big part in determining the probability of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. This disorder is most likely to develop and be inherited if even one parent has bipolar disorder. Based on specific mutations in regions of chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, a repeated sequence especially in chromosome 18 can be seen in people with Bipolar II. Even though this has been discovered in some patients, it is not located in everyone that has the disorder. Environmental. The environment and seasons are a cause that can trigger the cycles of bipolar disorder. Manic and depressive episodes will often coincide with seasonal changes. Depressive episodes will have a larger presence during the seasons of fall and winter. During these seasons daylight gets shorter and temperature drops causing a lack of motivation to leave the house or be active. The opposite being the seasons of spring and summer that cause a manic state. During these seasons the temperature is warmer and days longer increasing the probability of being outside and active. Substance Abuse and Other Disorders. Almost half of the patients that get diagnosed with bipolar disorder have history of substance abuse. The highest rate is associated with cocaine abuse. Cocaine has the tendency to cause physical highs and lows that relate to the manic and depression cycle of someone who has bipolar disorder. Alcohol will also cause patients to have a higher risk of relapsing, a negative effect to treatment medications, and even increased suicide risk. In most cases patients that have bipolar disorder have other psychiatric disorders as well. Disorders such as opposition defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are the most common. Treatment Currently there is no known cure for bipolar disorder however, there are various treatments to help control the disorder. One of the most effective treatments is medication that can lessen the effects of manic episodes as well as the depressive episodes. Another form of treatment is electroconvulsive therapy which has shown great results for patients that needed more than medication. Other forms of treatment range from acupuncture, specific diets, exercise, and psychotherapy. Medication. There is a variety of medication that can be prescribed based on a patients severity of bipolar disorder. Most medications are based around a combination of mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics. Anticonvulsants would be used for someone for long term regulation of their manic or depressive episodes. An antipsychotic such as benzodiazepines, would be used for someone with minor manic episodes along with mood stabilizers. Electroconvulsive Therapy. The electroconvulsive form of therapy has been a very successful form of treating both the mania and depression cycle. This form of therapy is only used for patients that have had no result to the medication and still suffer from severe depression and suicidal thoughts. The therapy is conducted under anesthesia and the patient is given a muscle relaxant to prevent convulsions. Electric pulses are then sent into the patients brain through electrodes. The electric current starts to alter the electrochemical processes of the brain which will relieve depression. Some side effects of this therapy can cause headaches, nausea, confusion, and possibly temporary memory loss.